Freight Shipping from New York, NY to Atlanta, GA
One of the most-trafficked freight lanes in the US — approximately 880 miles, typical dry-van rates around $2.4/mile. Whether you're a shipper looking for a fast, competitive quote or a carrier looking for a consistent lane with strong backhaul potential, Stretch XL Freight connects both sides.
The New York to Atlanta Freight Lane: Why It Matters
The New York to Atlanta freight lane spans approximately 880 miles one-way, forming a critical artery in the U.S. supply chain that links the Northeast's manufacturing and distribution hubs with the Southeast's booming logistics and consumer markets. This corridor handles a substantial share of interregional freight, supporting everything from apparel and electronics to automotive parts and pharmaceuticals. Dry-van traffic dominates, with market rates currently suggesting around $2.4 per mile for full truckloads, reflecting steady demand amid fluctuating fuel costs and capacity shifts. As one of the busiest East Coast routes, it underscores the Northeast's role as a gateway for imports arriving via ports like New York/New Jersey, which feed goods southward to Atlanta's vast warehouse networks. DAT trend lines show this lane consistently ranking high in volume, driven by e-commerce growth and just-in-time inventory practices that keep trucks rolling year-round[3][4].
What sets this corridor apart is its blend of urban density challenges in New York—think congested bridges, strict emissions rules, and high real estate costs—with Atlanta's expansive inland port status and Hartsfield-Jackson Airport's cargo dominance, the world's busiest for air freight. Unlike shorter regional hauls, the 880-mile distance demands reliable power-only or full-service carriers versed in I-95 and I-85 bottlenecks, where weather events like Northeast nor'easters or Southern hurricanes can disrupt flows. FTR data highlights how this lane's resilience stems from diversified cargo bases, avoiding overreliance on seasonal agriculture, though outbound Atlanta volumes spike with Georgia's peach and poultry exports. Carriers subscribed to platforms like Stretch XL Freight gain an edge by tapping real-time load boards that match this lane's predictable patterns, minimizing deadhead miles in a market where efficiency dictates profitability[1][4].
Annual volume patterns on the New York to Atlanta lane follow e-commerce peaks, with Q4 surges from holiday retail pushing dry-van bookings 20-30% above baseline per DAT analytics, as New York's garment district and pharmaceutical warehouses ramp up shipments to Atlanta's distribution centers. Summer sees moderated volumes due to agricultural pulls on Atlanta capacity, but steady apparel and consumer goods flows maintain baseline activity. Winter months bring equipment demands for heating and construction materials, while spring construction booms in Atlanta's suburbs draw building supplies southward. These rhythms align with broader freight indices, where national truckload rates dip 5-10% in off-peak Q2, yet this lane holds firmer thanks to its consumer-driven anchors. Shippers planning around these cycles lock in better rates, while carriers time runs to capture premium loads[4].
Anchor industries in New York fuel this lane's vitality: finance-adjacent logistics, fashion manufacturing in the Garment District, and pharma giants like Pfizer in nearby facilities produce high-value, time-sensitive freight destined for Atlanta's retail and healthcare ecosystems. Atlanta counters as a Delta Air Lines hub, Coca-Cola headquarters, and home to massive Home Depot and UPS distribution yards, creating insatiable demand for replenishment goods. Georgia's film industry and data centers add tech equipment flows, while New York's port handles 7 million TEUs annually, a chunk rerouted overland to avoid rail chokepoints. This industrial symbiosis, per FTR reports, sustains 100,000+ annual truck movements, making the lane indispensable for shippers eyeing /cities/new-york-ny/ origins and /cities/atlanta-ga/ endpoints. Explore more /lanes/ for comparative insights.
For Shippers: Moving Freight from New York to Atlanta
You face a straightforward LTL versus FTL decision on this 880-mile lane: opt for less-than-truckload if your shipment weighs under 10,000 pounds and fits standard pallets, as carriers like Estes offer terminal networks that cut costs by consolidating with other New York outbound freight. Full truckload shines for 20,000+ pound loads, securing dedicated space and faster transit amid I-95 traffic. FreightCenter notes that distance and handling multiples push LTL rates higher per pound for anything over 800 miles, so crunch your density—class 50-70 commodities like apparel tip toward FTL for door-to-door control. As a shipper, weigh your timeline: LTL might add a day at terminals, while FTL targets 24-36 hours driven time. Platforms like ours at Stretch XL Freight let you compare instantly, ensuring you pick the mode that aligns with your margins[3].
Getting a fast quote starts with precise details: provide shipment weight, dimensions, freight class, pickup/delivery addresses in /cities/new-york-ny/ and /cities/atlanta-ga/, plus any accessorials like liftgates for urban spots. Use our /quotes/ tool at Stretch XL Freight—enter specs, and receive competitive bids from vetted dry-van carriers in seconds, no phone tag required. You'll need origin ZIP (e.g., 10001 Manhattan), destination (30301 Atlanta), pallet count, and specialized flags if applicable. Freightquote emphasizes accurate packaging info to avoid reclasses that inflate costs mid-haul. Shippers who prep photos and BOL drafts shave hours off booking, locking rates before market swings. Call it done digitally, with carriers confirmed via DOT #4409725 compliance[3].
Current rate context shows dry-van FTL market rates hovering around $2.4 per mile, yielding all-ins around $2,100 for the full 880 miles, per recent DAT spots influenced by steady e-commerce demand outpacing capacity. Upswings hit during Q4 retail rushes and post-holiday restocks, when New York's warehouses push 15% volume hikes; downturns follow in summer as Atlanta's ag exports pull trucks back. Fuel surcharges, now 25-30% of linehaul per EIA trends, amplify volatility, alongside I-95 construction delays. FTR forecasts suggest softening if national capacity grows, but this lane's consumer pull keeps it premium. You mitigate by booking 7-14 days out via /quotes/, hedging against spikes tied to port backups at New York/New Jersey[1][4].
Transit expectations run 2-3 days total, with 32-36 hours pure drive time plus pickup/delivery windows, per UPS ground maps adapted for truckload. Enclosed auto hauls clock 2-7 days at $900-$1,400, signaling similar for dry-vans barring weather[1][5]. Delays stem from NYC bridge tolls and inspections, DC beltway snarls, or Atlanta's I-285 perimeter jams—add 12-24 hours for nor'easters or hurricanes. Southeastern Freight Lines transit calculators flag terminal handoffs as LTL risks. You counter by specifying no-touch loads and GPS tracking; choose carriers with Atlanta tailgate access to skirt residential surcharges. Real-time ETAs via Stretch XL Freight keep your chain humming[8][9].
Before booking any carrier, grill them on insurance minimums—$100,000 cargo coverage standard, but push for $250,000 on high-value pharma. Ask for recent NY-ATL performance: on-time delivery over 95%, average transit under 72 hours, and deadhead avoidance proof via load board access. Verify chassis availability for any intermodal legs, fuel surcharge transparency, and contingency for breakdowns—require 24/7 dispatch. Probe /carriers/ vetting at Stretch XL Freight, cross-check FMCSA safety ratings, and demand references from similar lanes. Confirm no-subcontracting without approval to control quality. These questions shield your freight from the 10% delay rate industry average, per DAT, ensuring reliable runs[2].
For Carriers: Finding and Running Loads on This Lane
Load availability runs high on New York to Atlanta, with DAT boards showing 50-100+ daily dry-van posts from NYC metros, fueled by apparel, pharma, and retail DCs hungry for Atlanta distribution. As an owner-op or small fleet, subscribe to Stretch XL Freight's /carriers/ marketplace—our two-sided board matches you real-time to shippers paying premium for reliability, outpacing public spots cluttered with brokers. Frequency peaks Q4 at 20% above average, per FTR, with steady baseline from New York's import surges. Filter for no-touch or power-only to max your bobtail efficiency; Ghent-area origins like those tracked by CarrierSource offer quick pickups en route to I-95[2].
Backhaul reality favors you: Atlanta outbound typically loads poultry, film equipment, and beverages northward, with Georgia ag pulling $2.0-$2.2/mile returns despite summer capacity crunches. Freightquote notes scarce outbound during harvest, but Coca-Cola and UPS yards post consistent reefer/dry-van fillers for NY markets. Expect 80% backhaul success via Stretch XL Freight, dodging 200-mile deadheads common on one-way runs. Pair with /cities/atlanta-ga/ pages for local yard intel; small fleets stack reefer conversions for peach season premiums, turning roundtrips into 1,760-mile revenue loops[4].
Rate-per-mile ranges $2.2-$2.6 currently for dry-vans, market-set by DAT national averages adjusted for lane density—shippers bid up for NYC-ATL speed. Brokers cap at $2.3, direct shippers pay $2.5+ for vetted MC #01732149 carriers like you. Volume dictates: Q4 spikes to $2.7, summer dips to $2.1 amid ag pulls. Negotiate fuel inclusion and quickpay terms; Stretch XL Freight's transparent board shows comps, empowering you to hold line on spot bids. Track FTR indices for trends—e-commerce sustains this above national $2.1 baseline[1][4].
Fuel-cost math bites at 880 miles: assume 6 MPG diesel at $3.50/gallon (EIA Q1 2026), that's $513 one-way, or 24% of $2,100 gross. Roundtrip with $1,900 backhaul grosses $4,000; deduct $1,100 fuel/tolls/maintenance, netting $1,200-$1,500 after 10% broker cut. Small fleets scale by running 3-4/week, hitting $200k annual on this lane alone. Factor DPF regen stops every 500 miles and NYC tolls ($100+), but Atlanta's cheap fuel offsets. Use our /quotes/ estimator for personalized projections, optimizing for your spec[1].
Deadhead risk sits low at 10-15% with proactive boarding, spiking in January post-holiday lulls or July ag peaks when Atlanta trucks chase local loads. Demand surges Q4 retail (25% volume up), spring construction (building supplies south), and fall pharma restocks—target these for $0.20/mile premiums. Avoid February by stacking Northeast runs; Stretch XL Freight's algorithms flag spikes, pairing you with return freight. Monitor /lanes/ for alternatives like NY-Charlotte if ATL dries up. Weather amps risk—nor'easters ground you in NJ, but mild Atlanta winters keep wheels turning[4].
What Ships on the New York–Atlanta Lane
Top cargo types include apparel and textiles from New York's Garment District, filling Atlanta's retail DCs for brands like Gap and Macy's, with dry-vans hauling 40,000-pound loads at class 70 rates. Pharmaceuticals from Pfizer-adjacent facilities move temperature-controlled, demanding reefer or enclosed for 880-mile integrity, as Atlanta's healthcare hubs like Emory consume steady volumes. Electronics and consumer goods from import consolidators round out the big three, per DAT commodity trends, with e-commerce fueling 30% growth since 2020. These flow south because NYC's port efficiencies beat rail for mid-distance, landing just-in-time in Atlanta's low-cost warehousing[3][4].
Apparel moves this direction specifically due to New York's design-to-production proximity—samples and seasonal lines ship rapidly to Atlanta sewers and distributors, avoiding West Coast port delays. Atlanta's demand spikes with its role as Southeast retail gateway, Home Depot pulling tools and fabrics for big-box builds. FTR data ties this to urban migration, where Georgia's population boom outpaces Northeast declines, sucking in consumer replenishments. Shippers crate for multi-terminal LTL if partial, but FTL dominates for speed, with carriers verifying pallet integrity at NYC ramps[3].
Pharma and medical supplies connect New York's R&D base to Atlanta's hospital clusters and CDC adjacency, with high-value SKUs justifying $2.5+/mile rates. Cold-chain reefers handle vaccines and biologics, directionally southbound as Northeast production scales for Southern consumption amid aging demographics. Automotive parts from NY suppliers feed Atlanta's Kia and VW plants, palletized in dry-vans to dodge rail times. This lane's distinction lies in time-definite needs—shippers pay up for 48-hour doors, linking /cities/new-york-ny/ innovation to /cities/atlanta-ga/ end-users[4].
Building on industry ties, New York's construction equipment and HVAC flows to Atlanta's suburban sprawl, class 60-80 freight in flatbeds or dry-vans during spring peaks. Beverages reverse occasionally, but southbound consumer durables like furniture components from NY makers target Atlanta's IKEA-scale yards. FreightWaves analogs show enclosed for high-end, with density driving FTL choice. These commodities thrive here because Atlanta's inland port unloads Asia imports via rail, but truck flexibility wins for NYC's fragmented origins, sustaining lane volumes[1][7].
Route, Cities Along the Way & Regional Stops
The New York to Atlanta corridor follows a well-established spine down the eastern seaboard, with the majority of traffic routing via Interstate 81 South through Pennsylvania and into Virginia, then transitioning to Interstate 77 South through the Carolinas into Georgia. This 880-mile journey typically consumes 12 to 14 hours of actual driving time, though real-world transit times for full truckload (FTL) dry van shipments generally fall in the 2- to 3-day window when accounting for pickup delays, dock time, and mandatory rest periods under Hours of Service (HOS) regulations.[1] Some carriers operating express or dedicated service have demonstrated faster transit—occasionally reaching 2 days on this lane—but standard LTL and spot-market FTL shipments should be quoted conservatively at 3 days to manage shipper expectations and avoid service failures.[3] The route passes through several major metropolitan areas that function as both consolidation hubs and potential delay points: the Philadelphia-to-Baltimore corridor (roughly 100 miles into the journey), the Washington, D.C. beltway region (around mile 250), Charlotte, North Carolina (mile 550), and finally the Atlanta metro area. Each of these zones experiences predictable congestion during peak hours, particularly around the I-95/I-81 interchange near the Maryland-Virginia border and the notorious I-77 bottleneck south of Charlotte during afternoon rush periods.
Carriers operating this lane typically fuel and rest at established truck stops along I-81 in southern Pennsylvania (near Wytheville, Virginia, or Christiansburg, Virginia) and again in North Carolina, often near Statesville or Concord, before the final push into Atlanta. The I-81 corridor through Tennessee and Virginia offers multiple Love's, Pilot Flying J, and independent truck stop options, while I-77 through the Carolinas is well-serviced but can experience capacity constraints during peak shipping seasons. Most professional carriers break the run into two legs: a 10- to 11-hour push from New York to the Virginia-North Carolina border, then a second 3- to 4-hour leg into Atlanta after a mandatory 10-hour rest. This segmentation aligns with driver fatigue management and allows carriers to maintain schedule reliability while staying compliant with federal HOS rules. Shippers should note that weekend pickups from New York often result in Monday or Tuesday delivery into Atlanta, as many carriers consolidate weekend freight into Monday morning dispatches to maximize equipment utilization.
The return leg (Atlanta to New York) is significantly more challenging from a carrier perspective, as backhaul freight is often lighter and less remunerative than northbound loads. This imbalance creates opportunities for shippers moving Atlanta-to-New York freight to negotiate favorable rates, particularly during periods of high northbound demand. Carriers frequently deadhead (run empty) from Atlanta northward or accept lower-margin backhaul loads to position equipment for the next high-value New York pickup. Understanding this directional imbalance is critical for both shippers and carriers: shippers can leverage it for cost savings on return moves, while carriers should actively seek backhaul partnerships or use platforms like /quotes/ to identify available loads before committing to empty miles.
Current Rate Environment and Seasonal Patterns
Dry van rates on the New York-to-Atlanta lane have historically hovered in the $2.00 to $2.50 per mile range for spot-market FTL freight, with the $2.40/mile benchmark representing a mid-market rate for standard 53-foot trailers carrying general freight. This rate typically includes base linehaul, fuel surcharge (FSC), and basic accessorial fees but excludes detention, lumper services, or specialized handling. Reefer (refrigerated) freight commands a premium of approximately 15 to 25 percent above dry van rates on this lane, reflecting the operational complexity of temperature-controlled logistics and the higher cost of equipment maintenance; produce shipments moving from New York distribution centers to Atlanta retail consolidation points often move at $2.75 to $3.10 per mile during peak season. Flatbed and step-deck equipment, used for machinery, building materials, or oversized loads, typically range from $2.50 to $3.00 per mile depending on weight distribution and permit requirements. These rate ranges are subject to significant seasonal volatility: during the January-to-March post-holiday period, rates often soften to $1.90 to $2.20 per mile as freight volumes decline and carrier capacity exceeds demand, while summer months (June-August) and the critical retail peak season (September-November) can push rates toward $2.60 to $3.20 per mile as shippers accelerate inventory movement and carrier utilization tightens.
Fuel surcharge mechanics remain a critical variable on this lane. Most carriers apply FSC as a separate line item, typically calculated as a percentage of base linehaul or as a fixed cents-per-mile adjustment tied to the Department of Energy's weekly diesel price index. When diesel prices spike—as occurred during geopolitical disruptions or seasonal demand surges—FSC can add $0.15 to $0.35 per mile to the total cost, effectively pushing an otherwise $2.40 base rate to $2.75 or higher. Shippers should always request FSC terms in writing and understand whether the quoted rate is all-in or subject to fuel adjustment; carriers, conversely, should ensure FSC language protects margin during volatile fuel periods and clearly communicate FSC triggers to avoid disputes at settlement. The New York-to-Atlanta lane is particularly sensitive to fuel volatility because the 880-mile distance consumes roughly 150 to 160 gallons of diesel per load, making fuel cost a material component of total operating expense.
Produce and retail seasonality creates pronounced rate swings on this corridor. From late August through November, when retailers accelerate holiday inventory and produce shipments from northeastern growing regions move southward, rates typically spike 15 to 30 percent above baseline as shippers compete for limited capacity and carriers prioritize high-margin loads. Conversely, January through March sees significant softening as holiday demand evaporates and retailers work down inventory; this period often presents the best rate environment for shippers moving non-perishable freight. Reefer freight follows a distinct seasonal curve: produce peaks in late summer and fall, while frozen food and pharmaceutical shipments remain relatively steady year-round, creating a more stable rate floor for refrigerated equipment. Holiday-season dynamics (mid-November through December 23) can push rates even higher, with some carriers quoting 20 to 40 percent premiums above baseline as e-commerce fulfillment and retail restocking create acute capacity constraints. Shippers planning major moves should book 2 to 4 weeks in advance during these peak windows to secure capacity at predictable rates.
Market direction on this lane is primarily driven by three factors: directional imbalance (northbound freight typically commands higher rates than southbound), seasonal demand cycles (retail and produce peaks), and broader macroeconomic freight volume trends. When the freight market is soft—characterized by excess carrier capacity and declining spot rates across major lanes—the New York-to-Atlanta corridor typically softens first, as it is a highly competitive lane with numerous carriers and brokers active. Conversely, during tight markets, this lane strengthens quickly because of its high-volume nature and the concentration of shippers in both regions. Carriers should monitor DAT and FTR market indices weekly to understand directional pricing trends and adjust their acceptance criteria accordingly; shippers should use rate benchmarking tools and historical data to identify optimal booking windows and avoid overpaying during soft-market periods when negotiating leverage is available.
Equipment Types & Special Requirements
Dry van 53-foot trailers remain the dominant equipment type on the New York-to-Atlanta lane, suitable for the vast majority of general freight, retail goods, packaged foods, and consumer products. Standard dry van capacity is approximately 45,000 to 48,000 pounds and 2,500 to 2,700 cubic feet, making it ideal for dense freight that does not require climate control. Reefer (refrigerated) trailers are essential for produce, frozen foods, pharmaceuticals, and temperature-sensitive goods; these typically operate at 15 to 25 percent higher cost than dry van but are non-negotiable for perishable shipments. The New York-to-Atlanta lane sees consistent reefer demand, particularly during late summer and fall when produce moves from northeastern growing regions (upstate New York, Pennsylvania) southward to Atlanta distribution centers and retail consolidation points. Flatbed and step-deck trailers are used for machinery, building materials, steel, and oversized loads; these require specialized handling, often involve permit requirements for oversize/overweight moves, and command premium rates. Step-deck trailers (also called drop-deck) are particularly common on this lane for loads that exceed standard dry van height but do not require full flatbed exposure, such as construction equipment or appliances.
Weight and dimensional considerations are critical on this route. Standard 53-foot dry van and reefer trailers can legally carry up to 80,000 pounds gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) under federal regulations, though individual states may impose lower limits on specific routes. New York and Georgia both enforce standard federal weight limits, but carriers should be aware that Pennsylvania and North Carolina have historically enforced strict overweight penalties; loads exceeding 80,000 pounds GVWR require special permits and routing, adding 3 to 5 days to the booking timeline and increasing costs by 20 to 40 percent. Height restrictions are generally not problematic on I-81 and I-77, as both are well-maintained interstate corridors with standard 14-foot clearances, but loads exceeding 13 feet 6 inches in height may require pilot cars or escort vehicles in certain jurisdictions, particularly through urban areas near Washington, D.C., and Charlotte. Specialized-capable trailers (placarded for specialized freight) are available on this lane but represent a small percentage of total freight; shippers moving specialized freight should book well in advance (7 to 10 days minimum) and ensure all documentation, placarding, and driver certifications are in order before pickup.
State-level quirks between New York and Georgia are minimal on this lane, as both states follow federal DOT regulations and interstate commerce standards. However, shippers should note that New York City and surrounding areas have specific truck restrictions during certain hours (typically 6 AM to 10 PM in Manhattan and parts of Brooklyn), which can affect pickup timing and require experienced local carriers familiar with these constraints. Georgia has no comparable restrictions, but Atlanta metro traffic congestion during peak hours (7 AM to 10 AM and 4 PM to 7 PM) can add 30 to 60 minutes to delivery time if the appointment is not carefully scheduled. Carriers should communicate pickup and delivery windows clearly to shippers and build in buffer time for urban congestion; shippers should avoid requesting tight delivery windows during peak traffic periods unless they are willing to pay premium rates for guaranteed time-definite service. Reefer freight moving through the Carolinas during summer months should be monitored for temperature excursions, as dock delays in Charlotte or other consolidation points can compromise product quality if the trailer is not actively refrigerated during stops.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the typical cost to ship a full truckload from New York to Atlanta?
A standard 53-foot dry van FTL typically costs between $2,100 and $2,900 for the 880-mile move, translating to roughly $2.40 per mile as a mid-market benchmark. This rate includes base linehaul and fuel surcharge but excludes detention, lumper services, or specialized handling; actual costs vary based on freight density, seasonal demand, and carrier capacity. Shippers should request all-in quotes and confirm whether FSC is included or applied separately.
How long does it take to ship from New York to Atlanta?
Standard FTL dry van transit time is typically 2 to 3 days from pickup to delivery, with most shipments arriving within the 3-day window when accounting for pickup delays and dock time.[1] Express or dedicated service can occasionally achieve 2-day delivery, but shippers should quote conservatively at 3 days to avoid service failures. Weekend pickups often result in Monday or Tuesday delivery as carriers consolidate weekend freight into Monday morning dispatches.
What equipment type should I use for my shipment on this lane?
Dry van 53-foot trailers are the standard choice for general freight, retail goods, and packaged products. Use reefer (refrigerated) trailers for produce, frozen foods, or temperature-sensitive goods; flatbed or step-deck for machinery, building materials, or oversized loads. Reefer freight typically costs 15 to 25 percent more than dry van but is essential for perishable shipments moving from northeastern growing regions to Atlanta distribution centers.
When is the best time to book freight on this lane to get the lowest rates?
January through March typically offers the softest rate environment, as holiday demand evaporates and retailers work down inventory; rates often soften to $1.90 to $2.20 per mile during this period. Conversely, September through November (retail peak and produce season) and mid-November through December (holiday season) see significant rate premiums of 15 to 40 percent above baseline. Shippers should book 2 to 4 weeks in advance during peak windows to secure capacity at predictable rates.
What insurance and liability coverage should I expect as a carrier on this lane?
Standard FTL freight typically requires general liability coverage of $750,000 to $1,000,000 per occurrence, with cargo liability of $100,000 to $500,000 depending on freight value and shipper requirements. Reefer and specialized freight may require higher limits or specialized coverage; shippers should specify insurance requirements in the rate quote to avoid disputes at pickup. Carriers should maintain current certificates of insurance and provide proof to brokers or shippers before accepting loads.
How do I find a backhaul load from Atlanta to New York to reduce empty miles?
The Atlanta-to-New York backhaul is typically lighter and less remunerative than northbound freight, creating opportunities to negotiate favorable rates. Use freight marketplaces like /carriers/ to identify available loads before committing to empty miles, or partner with brokers who specialize in this lane and can match you with return freight. Many carriers accept lower-margin backhaul loads to position equipment for the next high-value New York pickup, so flexibility on rate and freight type can improve utilization.
How far in advance should I book freight on this lane?
Standard spot-market freight can often be booked 2 to 5 days in advance, though peak seasons (September-November, mid-November-December) require 2 to 4 weeks of lead time to secure capacity at predictable rates. Specialized freight requires 7 to 10 days minimum booking lead time to ensure driver certifications and documentation are in order. Shippers should communicate booking windows clearly to carriers or brokers and avoid last-minute requests unless they are willing to pay premium rates for expedited service.